PART 1
Psychology is the science dealing with human nature, function and phenomenon of his/her soul in main. It is the interrelationship between the conscious and the sub-conscious mind.
Emotion is an effective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate or likeness is expressed.
Importance of psychology is to have better understanding of a person, which will help to deal with an individual effectively.
Psychic structure:
Id: Pleasure seeker. This is present at birth. Its based on instinct of the infant.
Ego: develops during 2nd or 6th month of life when the infant distinguishes himself and the outside world. . During this period the Infant brain starts to modify and gradually takes control over Id. It’s based on reality principle.
Super-Ego : It is the censor to acceptability of different thoughts, feeling and behavior. Here is the emergence of ETHICS AND MORALS. This generally develops according to the background the child is from i.e. “Nature and Nurture” determines the kind of an individual the child will grow-up to be.
There are two interesting studies made in which it has been seen that young boys are normally drawn towards their mother (Oedipus complex) while young girls are attracted towards their father.(Electra complex ).
According to Freud stages of development is based on different period of life-
At Birth, a child seems to have a protective instinct towards his/her environment. This stage a child acquires the knowledge of the surrounding environment, which he/she will be facing in Life. This phase is an adaptive phase of life in which a child learns to react to different stimulus.
The next stage is the Oral stage, in which the child acquires the ability to express their own requirement by facial expressions involuntarily and the oral cavity is the site for identifying needs. At this stage the infant is dependant on the adult for their oral needs to get full-filled. at this stage the child acquires the trust and masters reflexes as for the example- suckling of mothers milk which is a part of oral desire. If attention is denied to the child at this stage of life, the child will turn out to be pessimist, jealous, arrogant and demanding.
The Anal stage marks the beginning of voluntary activity. The child beings to gain control over the sphincters and neuromuscular responses. Here the child learns to become independent and develops the feeling of shame or guilt. Failure to attain this stage successfully will tend the child to be stubborn, disordered and will fail to have a proper maturity for their sexual behaviors in the future.
Urethral stage marks a transition between the anal and the Phallic stage. By this time the child enjoys the control over urinary sphincter and loves to move around and exercises.
The Phallic Stage is in between 3rd year to 5th year of development. This age is an interesting phase of development of a child. During this phase of life the child tends to develop Electra complex and Oedipus complex. Penis envy is pretty common along with an increased interest on masturbating tendency and has fantasies about opposite sexes. At this stage a young boy becomes more interested to know more about sex and seeks attention of females just elder to him while young females tends toward other boys, this is a very important stage of development as it brings the maturation in a child towards puberty.
Latency stage generally ends at puberty. This phase gives an opportunity to cope with the rapid changes in a child’s life. The child resolves any lags in past stages. The child develops the Ego and greater control over self by adapting to the adverse environment around them. this stage helps to master all the skills and develops own personality. Failure of proper exposure to this stage tends a child to have an immature behavior in adulthood.
Genital stage is between 11 - 13 years to young adulthood. In this phase the sense of identity develops which influences the personality development. This phase the individual becomes more interested about opposite sex and understands about the reproductive cycle.
Operant Conditioning in1938 was a very successful technique to train an individual and to understand psychology in a better way.
It constitutes of Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Omission and Punishment.
Positive reinforcement – to reward a child for good behavior like a Chocolate or a toy (Although there is a chance of making a child selfish and self-centered. By continuous use of this technique will condition the mindset of the child to behave properly only if he/she is rewarded If denied he/she will start to misbehave again)
Negative reinforcement – To remove the unpleasant stimulus only if the child behaves properly as for example if a child misbehaves the favorite toy is taken away or the child is said that if he/she doesn’t behaves properly then he/she will be closed in a dark room where his/her parents wont be there. ( Unnecessary use of this technique make a child fear and introvert – this technique should not be used if not required )
Omission – to remove a child from the pleasant stimuli if he misbehaves, as for example the child is kept away from their toys, Etc.
Punishment – to introduce a child to adverse stimuli when he misbehaves this also includes Voice control and a bit of force if its essential to let the child know that misbehavior will not be tolerated by the others.
PART 2
Discussion –
In the present world, maximum parents are busy for which they are pretty much away from their children. This leads to a negative impact upon the child not because he/she is not getting attention but is not being exposed to what is right or what is wrong. These children often tend to go around seeking attention of other elders, which often make them feel unsecured. These children often tends to become either arrogant or completely introvert. They finds it difficult to cope up with the society and gets confused in an adverse situation or reacts easily to these stimulus’s in a negative attitude. They fail to bond as a family and often gets carried away to unethical practices easily. The same is also seen for the children who are pampered by their parents. These children often become too much demanding, arrogant and self-oriented. They do not develop the values or ethics. Since from the childhood these children are given what ever they want, they turn out to be Snobs and often show off their money to others, these children cannot take any kind of criticism in a positive way. Maximum road accidents in teenagers, where they either hurt themselves or others are just due to the fault in their upbringing of their parents. It is seen that some parents often hides the fault of their children, which indulge the child to commit the same mistake again and again. This kind of child often turns out to be very rude and demanding.
It is the duty of the parents to make the child understand the value of life and principles. Even if you are rich, you must not let your child feel that he/she is different from others.
We can get a clear picture of the family and neighborhood by looking at the children from their facial expressions and behavior. As for example if a child fear to talk or keeps quite this will mean that he has been from a family where he/she gets lest appreciated for their work. Similarly if we see a child is stubborn and does not listen to whatever we say-it will mean that the child has been pampered or it can also mean that the child was denied equal attention as other siblings..
PART 3
[ From my own observation and understanding of human Psychology :: from my past experiences –
Children – Wants to seek attention and security,
Teenager – Wants to be heard and tries to understand the situation to act accordingly i.e. learns to manipulate.
16-20 – Desperate for attention and indulge themselves toward sex related issues. Confused state of mind and tries to understand the harsh reality of life and is mild and tries to control their emotional out burst which they are often unable to.
21-25 – tries to establish their point of view, desperate to reach the goal and to become successful. Still in secured state of mind but less mild.
After being Successful – people of then forgets about the past and carries on. They often forget about the sacrifices made by others for their present achievements. Some even misbehaves with the others and becomes arrogant.
Celebrity complex – After becoming somewhat known, celebrities often creates a dream world of their own. They start to develop superiority complex and avoid common social gatherings even with their close relatives. They often cannot accept criticism and avoids mixing with people whom they feel to be inferior to them. The mind set up gets negative and has a different opinion to simple issues and tries to force justify their statements. They always seek attention and hence tends to do wired thing in the name of style statement, which often make them looks like a fool to normal human beings. In one word they tends to build up castle of cards and no doubt they becomes arrogant.
Some people even behaves like they know every bit of everything and always dislikes what others are doing , even if they themselves were not perfect. ]
I end this discussion by saying that, Good parenting is no doubt difficult but not impossible only if you can understand you child and his requirements easily which will require Patience and self-control.
Always remember a child does what he/she sees and says what he/she hears. So try to be 99% perfect to make your child a Good Human-bieng and Train him to become a Good citizen of tomorrow!
